Japanese American History

The Japanese Arrive

In 1869, settlers with The Wakamatsu Tea and Silk Farm Colony were among the first to arrive from Japan. They brought mulberry trees, silk cocoons, tea
plants and amboo roots. By 1880, 148 Japanese lived in the United States.

The Japanese who lived in U.S.A. for 1890 years was only 2,039 people. There were the Chinese more than 100,000 people. However, after “the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882”, the Chinese decreased little by little. As cheap work force for the Chinese, the Japanese worked instead. Until in the early days that is about 1890, the most of the people who came from Japan were students who were called "school Boys". They worked at the white man family as a manservant and went to school. They were sons of a good family. The number of students and seasonal workers from Japan increased. From this time on, the anti-Japanese movements were beginning .Many thought the entlemen’s Agreement would end immigration. Instead, the Japanese population increased. A movement to totally exclude Japanese immigrants led to the Immigration Act of 1924. That legislation urtailed immigration from Japan until 1952 when 100 immigrants per year were allowed. A few refugees entered the country during the mid-1950s, as did Japanese wives of United States servicemen.

World War II

After the Pearl Harbor attack, the United States participates in World War II. In 1942, President Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066, which essentially allows military authorities to force Japanese Americans into concentration camps. Hatred was turned to the Japanese immigrants. American nation were afraid of the Japanese armed forces which massacred the Hawaiian and hated. Some Japanese concentration camps were made. It was hard to isolate a Japanese-person
of 110,000. However, it was carried out smoothly by cooperation of quiet Japanese immigrants. Most of them obeyed an order. They registered according to American government notice and went to the set place by themselves. They sold off the property. With the bag which they filled with only a personal thing, the Japanese immigrants went to the concentration camp. It may be said that there was the factor that compulsory internment was performed smoothly in duteousness of such the Japanese.

Till became an American citizen

Japan surrendered for allied powers including U.S.A. on August 15, 1945. Japan signed a surrender document to allied powers on September 2. A battle state between Japan and U.S.A. terminated. Therefore there was not a reason to restrict the Japanese-Americans and the Japanese immigrants. All concentration camps were closed in sequence from October of this year to November. They were ordered originally to come back to the house where they lived in.

The U.S. Government apologized to a Japanese-American in 1988. An education fund of 1,250,000,000 dollars was established to teach about the concentration camp of the Japanese-American at school in U.S.

In 1929, the Japanese-American Citizens League (JACL) is formed. This group was formed during an anti-Japanese movement to insist as an American citizen. I quoted the following articles from the homepage of this group.

• “No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Those accused of a crime shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation.
  
  These protections are guaranteed in the 5th and 6th Amendments to the nstitution of the United States of America. However, during 1942-46, some 77,000 American citizens of Japanese ancestry and 43,000 Japanese nationals, most of whom were permanent U.S. residents, were summarily deprived of liberty and property ithout criminal charges and without trial of any kind. Several persons were also violently deprived of life. All persons of Japanese ancestry on the West Coast were expelled from their homes and confined in inland detention camps. The sole basis for these actions was ancestry; citizenship, age, loyalty, and innocence of wrongdoing did not matter. Japanese Americans were the only group singled out for mass ceration. German and Italian nationals, and American citizens of German and Italian ancestries were not imprisoned en masse even though the U.S. was at war with Germany and Italy.
  
  This episode was one of the worst blows to constitutional liberties that the merican people have ever sustained. Many Americans find it difficult to understand how such a massive injustice could have occurred in our democratic nation. This guide will attempt to explain how and why it happened, and what can be done to ameliorate the effects of that mistake. In a 1945 article in the Yale Law Journal, Professor Eugene V. Rostow wrote: “Until the wrong is acknowledged and made right we shall have failed to meet the responsibility of a democratic society—the obligation of equal justice.””







• 
  
  
  Their Contribution
  
  
  The Japanese-American suffered from prejudice and discrimination after the war. The life was hard, too, but made an effort to become a good American citizen. They spent in particular the money that they earned for education of children of oneself. The trust for Japan which a Japanese-American built in American society helped it in the case of an advance to the American market of the Japanese company of the high economic period of growth.

Reference

• 
  Naoko Fujiki History of Japanese American Monta vista Highschool http://contest.thinkquest.jp/tqj1998/10060/
  
  Cheryl Brown Henderson The history of Japanese American Brown v. Board of Education
  http://brownvboard.org/brwnqurt/03-4/03-4a.htm
  
  Japanese-American Internment Camps
  library.thinkquest.org/04apr/000...tact.htm
  
  Japanese American Exclusion Order.jpg - Wikimedia Commons
  commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:...rder.jpg
  
  Many second generation Americans whose family had come from Japan
  www.holidayforeveryday.com/%3Fp%3D267
  
  The Japanese American Internment Experience
  distribution.asianamericanmedia....Fi%3D168
  
  Isamu Noguchi's land art avant la lettre
  www.denarend.com/land_art/
  
  A toast to Rocky Aoki!
  tabloidbaby.blogspot.com/2008/07...eur.html
  
  Japanese American Citizens League Japanese American History
  J A C L C u r r i c u l u m a n d R e s o u r c e G u i d e 2 0 0 2
  http://www.jacl.org/edu/education.htm
  
  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ronald_Reagan_signing_Japanese_reparations_bill.jpg
  
  
  
  

Chinese Americans

Today's Demographics

• 2000 United States Census Results (Ameredia Inc.).


• Chinese Americans comprise 23.74% of the Asian American populations and 0.86% of the total US population.


• Largest Asian American group with a population of 2,422,970.


• Population growth rate of 104.1% from 1980 to 1990 & 47.5% from 1990 to 2000.

• The leading states for Chinese Americans are California, New York, Hawaii, Texas and New Jersey. Together these five states constitute more then 80% of the Chinese American population with 40% being in California.
  
• There were 110,263 Chinese Americans living in New Jersey according to the 2000 census.


• Middlesex County had the most with 23,425.

The American Dream

• Many Chinese Immigrants came to America in hopes of escaping poverty in China.
  
  

• In 1931 James Truslow Adams answered what is the American Dream in his book, “The Epic of America”.


• “Dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position (Gillman, 2010).”

Gold Mountain

• “Gold Mountain” was a term coined by the Chinese describing California or America. It represented a land of opportunity that was an escape from poverty in China (Mano & Rico, 2001, p. 250).


• “Many immigrants planned to return to China after spending time in the United States, the journey to the Gold Mountain provided each sojourner with an opportunity to improve his social position at home” (Mano & Rico, 2001, p. 250).


• “During the first twenty years of Chinese immigration many new arrivals moved quickly from the West Coast to jobs inland. Generally, they served first as contract workers, laboring to repay sponsoring managers for the costs of their passage” (Mano & Rico, 2001, p. 250).


• After the Goldrush, many Chinese immigrants started work on the Transcontinental railroad.
  
  
  
  
  

Transcontinental Railroad

• After the gold rush Chinese Americans began to work on the Transcontinental railroad. The Chinese Americans work ethics impressed railroad executives with their efficiency and high standards (Mano & Rico, 2001, p. 251).

• In 1871, The US commission to report on the mining industry praised the efficiency and courage of Chinese immigrant workers (Mano & Rico, 2001, p. 251).

Chinese American Literature & The American Dream

• "The Grandfather of the Sierra Nevada Mountains” was written by Maxine Hong Kingston (Mano & Rico, 2001, p. 279).
  
• Ms. Kingston wrote about her grandfather’s (Ah Goong’s) work experience with the Central Pacific Railroad company.


• Ah Goong started in 1863 falling trees for $1.00 a day.


• He performed different tasks: Risked his life by planting explosives while hanging from a basket & painstankly hammered and exploded tunnels through Granite mountains.


• The workplace dangerous became such a norm for Ah Goong, he found deadly incidents comical.


• A dynamite and Nitroglycerine accident was described as: “Human bodies skipped through the air like puppets and made Ah Goong laugh crazily as if the arms and legs would come together again” (Mano & Rico, 2001, p. 287).


• Ah Goong experienced a work environment on Trans Continental Railroad in which the life a Chinese American worker meant little.


• Despite this he and many others worked tirelessly on the railroad. The results of which can still be seen today hundreds of years later.



• “The World of our Grandmothers” was written by Connie Young Yu (Mano & Rico, 2001, p. 298).
  
• Wrote about her grandmother’s experiences which provided a perspective on the history or her family and the larger community around them.


• "Even though Chinese working men were excluded from most facets of American society and their lives were left unrecorded, their labors bespoke their existence - completed railroads, reclaimed lands, and a myriad of new industries” (Mano & Rico, 2001, p. 298).



• After Connie Young Yu had children they wanted to send them to school. The only school in San Francisco admitting Chinese was the Oriental school in Chinatown. But her husband felt, as did most men the family to return to China. So they lived in China and her grandfather traveled back and forth to the US for his trade business (Mano & Rico, 2001, p. 303).

Chinese American Success

• Both pieces of Chinese literature express the hardships and obstacles the Chinese Americans had to overcome in order to survive in America.


• The motivated Chinese Immigrants in these pieces also worked hard towards dreams of success. Either by risking their lives for the railroad that connected America or by traveling back and forth to the US for business so their children can have a good education.


• This is still true today among Chinese Americans as seen in the following examples…


• Median Chinese American household income was $41,583. Was 30% higher then the national average.


• 65% of Chinese Americans own a home compared to the 54% US national average.


• 38% of Chinese Americans have a Bachelors degree compared to the 22% US national average.


• Major US Chinatowns can be found in: Chicago IL, Houston TX, Las Vegas NV, Los Angeles CA, Manhattan NY, Philadelphia PA, Portland OR, Oakland CA, San Francisco CA, Washington DC.

• Chinese owned the most businesses out of the total Asian owned businesses in America according to a 2006 Census Bureau report (Ameredia Inc.)

Notable Chinese Americans
(Javier, Yang, Yip, 2006)

Human Resource Departments

• Target stores: Called and was referred to the company’s website. According to the website: Culture is a core the company tries to integrate into every area of their business. They attempt to recruit diverse selection of employees by working various companies. There are multiple ethnic business councils which “help individuals develop their careers in an inclusive and enriching work environment”. One of the councils are the Asian Business Council.








• Wal-Mart: Called Corporate Media Relations which has a automated answering service. A Specific prompt is available for students conducting research but Wal-Mart is “unable to participate in academic projects”.


• Link to specific paged on Target.com: http://sites.target.com/site/en/company/page.jsp?ref=nav%5Ffooter%5Fdiversity&contentI=WCMP04-031762


• Morristown Memorial Hospital (Atlantic Health)


• During conversation with a H.R. representative I learned:
  
• Do not have any specific clubs for ethnic groups.





• When employees are hired they are orientated on various cultures they may deal with.


• Expressed more focus on “cultural diversity” for employees and there are cultural awareness programs for employees to better handle the diverse population needing care at the hospital.

Resources

• Ameredia Inc. Chinese American Demographics. Retrieved from http://www.ameredia.com


• Gillman, S. (2010). What is the American Dream. Retrieved from http://egurukul.com/what-is-the american-dream-by-steven-gillman.


• Javier, H., Yang, D., Yip, J. (2006). Chinese New Year Festival. Retrieved from http://www.naaap nc.org/EventRecap.do?id=2756.


• Mano, S., & Rico, B.R. (2001). American Mosaic – Multicultural Readings in Context (3rd ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.

African Americans Fight for Freedom

The Struggle:

African Americans have struggled to live and over time to be accepted by American. Their first struggles date back as far as the 1400’s wherein European explorers ventured to across lands to purchase African humans as if they were cattle; this began the trans-Atlantic slave trade (PBS, 2009). During this time and for years to come the color of your skin would now determine the value of your life in the New World.

In 1619 and onward, the need for slavers bolstered and the importation of Africans grew. Once they arrived in American, Africans were forced to work on plantations under the ownership of a white male they called Master. In 1663, a Virginia court decided a child born to a mother who was a slave would automatically be a slave. Throughout the 1700’s nearly half of all Africans would entire the New World through the ports of Charleston, South Carolina. Merchants would kidnap Africans from their country and force them to walk an upward of 1,000 mile to the European coastal where they would wait to board a ship to the New World trade (PBS Online, 2009). By the 18^th century, 45,000 Africans were imported to America as slaves annually compare to the 5000 Africans in 1680.

In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation which was a failed attempt to abolish slavery. It stated “all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” Being that states were not acting upon the Emancipation Proclamation he took actions further. On January 31, 1865 the 13^th Amendment was passed by congress and signed into law on February 1, 1865 by President Abraham Lincoln. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in American wherein it states "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." This was ratified by all state by December 6, 1865 (Web Guides, 2009). Even though slavery was abolished, troubles for African American were far from over. Their fight to be accepted among the American population was just starting.

For many years which followed African-Americans fought for their civil rights in American.

People such as Martin Luther King Jr., Malcome X, Rosa Parks, The Little Rock Nine and many more contributed to this fight for freedom. From the 1880s into the 1960s Jim Crow Laws were enforced. These laws spoke a “separate but equal” language and preached by the much of the White population in America (Davis, 2009). Blacks were forced to use separate bathrooms, drinking fountains, schools, buses, restaurants, and much more.

This was a time where constant battles for civil right and self-respect for African Americans occurred daily. In 1896, African Americans turn to the Courts for help in defying the separate but equal way of living (Davis, 2009). However, in the historical Plessy v. Ferguson case the Courts decided living separate but equal was not in violation of the Constitution.

African-Americans continued to struggle to find acceptance among White Americans. African-Americans fought for their right to vote, God given rights and the rights to the Constitution of the United States of American. Martin Luther King Jr. fought for freedom and abilities for African-Americans to vote. In his April 16, 1963 Letters from Birmingham Jail he states “…when your first name becomes “nigger,” your middle name becomes “boy” (however old you are) and your last name becomes “John,” and your wife and mother are never given the respect titles Mrs., … - then you will understand way we find it difficult to wait” (Rico, 2001). He expressed the horrible experience each African American shared and his desire for him and all African American to become accepted.

On February 3, 1870 the fifteenth Amendment was ratified denying "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." However, it was not until the Voting Rights Act of 1965 where African-Americans were first allowed to register to vote.

Today in America:

In 1972, The Equal Employment Opportunity Act was passed, prohibiting job discrimination on the basis of, among other things, race, and laying the groundwork for affirmative action. There are many well known African American faces which have help define modern America. For years our society has been affected and influenced by many famous African American figures. These faces include talents of Michael Jackson, Mike Tyson, Tiger Woods, Halle Berry, Sidney Poiter, Muhammad Ali, Oprah Winfrey and many more. In November 2008, Barack Obama was elected the 44^th President of the United State of American in which he was the first ever elected African American to become President.

During President Barack Obama’s acceptance speech he stated “if there is anyone out there who doubts that America is a place where anything is possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.” Obama went on to declare “Young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled, Americans have sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of red states and blue states,” he said. “We have been and always will be the United States of America… It’s been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this day, in this election, at this defining moment, change has come to America.”

It has been a very long time coming for African Americans to be respected, accepted and have the same quality of life as a Native American. Few people argue that American still has a long way to go before completely believing African Americans are respected. However, one cannot argue that times have changes tremendously since the time of slavery. African Americans have made their voices heard and continue to shape our growing society.

Time line

1641: Massachusetts was the first colony to recognize slavery as a legal institution.

1663: A Virginia court decided a child born to a mother who was a slave is automatically a slave.

1710: Africans began to out-number Europeans in South Carolina.

1750: Georgia legalizes slavery (the final colony of British North American to do so).

1830: The total slave population in the U.S. was more than 2 million (U.S. Census).

1863: President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

1865: The 13^th Amendment abolishing slavery was signed into law.

1869: Plessy v. Ferguson the Courts decided living separate but equal was not in violation of the Constitution.

1870: The fifteenth Amendment allowing African Americans to vote was passed

1956: Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed allowing the first African-Americans to register to vote.

1963: Martin Luther King Jr., gave the most famous "I Have A Dream" speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the civil rights movement.

1972: The Equal Employment Opportunity Act was passed.

1982: Singer Michael Jackson's album Thriller becomes one of the best-selling albums of all time.

1983: Vanessa Williams becomes the first African American Miss America.
1989: Oprah Winfrey is the first African American woman to host a national talk show. Her estimated earnings are $150 million (Forbes Magazine).

1997: Tiger Woods becomes the first African American to win the Masters tournament.

2002: Halle Berry becomes the first African American woman to win an Oscar for Best Actress.

2008: Barack Obama is elected the first African American President in the United States of America.

Reference

Davis, R. (2009).Surviving Jim Crow: In-Depth Essay. New York Life. Retrieved June 10, 2010 from http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/history/surviving2.htm.

Johnson, A. (2008) Barack Obama elected 44th president ‘Change has come to America,’ first African-American leader tells country. MSNBC. Retrieved June 12, 2010 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27531033/.

PBS Online, (2009). Africans in America, Judgment day. WGBH Educational Foundation. Retrieved June 11, 2010 from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/home.html.

Rico, B. (2001). American Mosaic – Multicultural Readings in Context (3rd ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Web Guides, (2009). Primary documents in American history, 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Retrieved June 11, 2010 from http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/13thamendment.html.

Jewish American People

Jewish Americans and How they have Succeeded in America

Between 1880 and 1920 approximately 2.5 million Jewish people immigrated from Eastern Europe and Russia through Ellis Island. Many of them went to the Lower East Side of New York. Some went to other cities including Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland, and Detroit, to name a few (Kaplan & Press 1995). The streets of the Lower East Side were very crowded with pushcarts selling food in the 1920’s. The pushcarts were then replaced by small store fronts and shops by the 1940’s. “The mix of cultures of Jews from different lands, the melding of new ideas and old customs, the clash of younger generations with their elders, there came a vibrant culture that continues to nourish Judaism and Jewish American life to this day” (Kaplan & Press 1995). The Lower East Side was the most populated area with approximately 700 people per acre, (Kaplan & Press 1995). For the Jewish people the synagogue or Shul was the center of life in America for them. Yiddish was most commonly spoken on the streets.

In the early 1900’s many Jews wanted to escape the streets of the Lower East Side it was very poor, but many businesses were closed to hiring Jews. “Many US citizens and established immigrants believed the newcomers could best ensure their success in this country by becoming “Americanized,” or incorporated into the mainstream American culture” (Rico, 2001). The Jewish people that came to America contributed a lot to it's success. Many Jewish immigrants went outside the normal traditional jobs and become vaudeville actors. From there they moved on to becoming famous. Some famous actors, actresses and singers were the Three Stooges, the Marx Brothers, Billy Crystal, Barbara Streisand, Bette Midler and Bob Dylan among a few.

“Blue jeans were developed by a German Jewish immigrant merchant named Levi Strauss” (Kaplan & Press 1995). In the 1870’s he made a pair of dungarees (work pants) for a minor worker with double stitching to prevent gold nuggets from falling through.

A large number of Jews wanted to get out and looked to education. Some colleges offered night school where many were educated and then went on to different universities and received their degrees. Education was very important and was held that way down through the generations. The first Jewish-American to receive a Nobel Prize in science was Albert Abraham Michelson with his experiments with the speed of light in 1907. Another very famous and well educated Jewish German-born scientist was Albert Einstein for his theories of relativity, facts from Kaplan & Press (1995).

“According to Jewish law, if a person saves a single life, it’s as if he or she has saved the entire world” (Kaplan & Press 1995). Jews were very drawn to this kind of professional work. There were two very famous medical researchers called Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin who each developed a vaccine to prevent the disease Polio. Another Jewish-American called Selman A. Waksman isolated and extracted the antibiotic streptomycin for killing the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.

Jewish Food Places and Dishes:

Katz’s delicatessen since 1888 is located on the Lower East Side in New York by a Russian Immigrant…………they have traditional foods, with some dishes on the menu in Yiddish. A lack of public transportation forged a solid community at that time. Information found at http://www.katzdeli.com/

Russ & Daughters appetizers was founded by a German immigrant who arrived through Ellis Island in 1907. Sold food on the streets and saved his money to buy a push cart, then to a horse and wagon and then finally a store in 1914. Today the store has been handed down three or four generations of family. They sell such foods as Herring, Salmon and bagels, etc. Information found at www.russanddaughters.com/our_history.php

Two famous Jewish foods that are found in America still today are bagels and Matzo. “In the beginning, there was dough. When Egypt's pharaoh finally agreed after much convincing (and 10 plagues) to let Moses' enslaved people go, the Jews left their homes so quickly — pursued by the pharaoh, who by then had changed his mind — that they didn't have time to prepare bread for the journey. Instead, they ate an unleavened mixture of flour and water that, when baked, turned flat and hard. Passover began on April 8 this year, and for the next eight days, Jewish people all over the world will remember their exodus by forgoing cakes, cookies, pasta and noodles — anything made to rise with yeast, baking soda, etc. — in favor of the only bread product they're allowed: matzo” (Suddath, 2009).


Demographics:

6.4 million Jewish adults living in the US, about 2.2 percent of the US population is Jewish.
New York, was found to have the largest Jewish population of any state, at 1,618,000. California (1,194,000), Florida (653,000) and New Jersey (480,000) had the next largest numbers of Jewish residents. These four states account for more than 60 percent of the entire national Jewish estimate.
San Francisco, California, showed the largest single reported growth nationally among Jewish communities, increasing from 107,900 in 2001 to 227,800 in 2006. Other areas showing growth of 80,000 or more were Atlanta, Georgia (33,900 to 119,800); San Diego, California (19,000 to 89,000); Montgomery and Prince Georges County, Maryland (16,500 to 121,000); and South Palm Beach Florida (14,500 to 107,500). (Faxx, 2006)

5.3 million Jews are in Israel
600,000 European Jews are in France.
300,000 Jews are in Britain.
500,000 Jews in Russia and 500,000 in the Ukraine.
1.4 million adults are now members of a different religion.
33% of Jews are married to non-Jews. In 1965 only 10% of Jews married non-Jews.
60% of Jews below the age of 40 live in non-Jewish households.
In 1962 540,000 Jewish children attended afternoon-weekend Jewish schools. Now 240,000 attend the afternoon-weekend Jewish schools.
Only 36% of Jewish homes light the Shabbat candles.
Only 11% of those who were born Jewish or became Jewish by choice attend the synagogue each week.
(Falk, 2002)

Today’s Large Enterprises Speak:
“McDonald's and our franchisees take great pride in our commitment to employ and serve people from all backgrounds. We have a long history of leadership in diversity and inclusion and are exceptionally proud of our achievements in these areas. Our efforts to support our employees, our customers and the communities that we serve are an integral part of McDonald's culture. I believe most people will agree that supporting diversity and inclusion is not only good for business, but it's good for society. Demonstrating our leadership to understand and embrace differences builds bridges that can bring us closer together”.
Kelly
McDonald's Customer Response Center


Strength in Diversity: “We believe that a multicultural workforce committed to excellence is one of our company's greatest assets. It’s also one of the many benefits of working at Merck”.
I spoke to an employee and they stated that Merck has many foreign employees and when they come to America hey help them find housing and help them to connect with other groups to feel at home.
They also provide a range of many food types in their cafeteria to accommodate many different ethnic groups. (Merck Website, 2010)

“In a nation of 250 million, Jews make up less than 3 percent of the population. Yet in the fields of entertainment and journalism, in courts of law and in hospitals, in brokerage houses, in real estate, in symphony halls, and in art museums, Jewish Americans influence the rest of our country far beyond their numbers” (Kaplan & Press 1995).


References:

Falk, G. Dr. (2002). Jewish Demographics retrieved June 10, 2010 from http://jbuff.com/c051502.htm

Faxx, I. (2006). New Population Survey: 6.4 Million Jews in America. Retrieved June 10, 2010 from http://www.allbusiness.com/middle-east/israel/3993296-1.html

Kaplan, E. & Press, D. (1995). Cultures of America – Jewish Americans. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp.

Rico, B. (2001). American Mosaic – Multicultural Readings in Context (3rd ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin Company

Suddath, C. (2009). A Brief History of Matzo retrieved June 10, 2010 from http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1890268,00.html