Tuesday, June 15, 2010

Japanese American History



The Japanese Arrive










In 1869, settlers with The Wakamatsu Tea and Silk Farm Colony were among the first to arrive from Japan. They brought mulberry trees, silk cocoons, tea
plants and amboo roots. By 1880, 148 Japanese lived in the United States.






The Japanese who lived in U.S.A. for 1890 years was only 2,039 people. There were the Chinese more than 100,000 people. However, after “the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882”, the Chinese decreased little by little. As cheap work force for the Chinese, the Japanese worked instead. Until in the early days that is about 1890, the most of the people who came from Japan were students who were called "school Boys". They worked at the white man family as a manservant and went to school. They were sons of a good family. The number of students and seasonal workers from Japan increased. From this time on, the anti-Japanese movements were beginning .Many thought the entlemen’s Agreement would end immigration. Instead, the Japanese population increased. A movement to totally exclude Japanese immigrants led to the Immigration Act of 1924. That legislation urtailed immigration from Japan until 1952 when 100 immigrants per year were allowed. A few refugees entered the country during the mid-1950s, as did Japanese wives of United States servicemen.






World War II







After the Pearl Harbor attack, the United States participates in World War II. In 1942, President Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066, which essentially allows military authorities to force Japanese Americans into concentration camps. Hatred was turned to the Japanese immigrants. American nation were afraid of the Japanese armed forces which massacred the Hawaiian and hated. Some Japanese concentration camps were made. It was hard to isolate a Japanese-person
of 110,000. However, it was carried out smoothly by cooperation of quiet Japanese immigrants. Most of them obeyed an order. They registered according to American government notice and went to the set place by themselves. They sold off the property. With the bag which they filled with only a personal thing, the Japanese immigrants went to the concentration camp. It may be said that there was the factor that compulsory internment was performed smoothly in duteousness of such the Japanese.









Till became an American citizen





Japan surrendered for allied powers including U.S.A. on August 15, 1945. Japan signed a surrender document to allied powers on September 2. A battle state between Japan and U.S.A. terminated. Therefore there was not a reason to restrict the Japanese-Americans and the Japanese immigrants. All concentration camps were closed in sequence from October of this year to November. They were ordered originally to come back to the house where they lived in.



















The U.S. Government apologized to a Japanese-American in 1988. An education fund of 1,250,000,000 dollars was established to teach about the concentration camp of the Japanese-American at school in U.S.






In 1929, the Japanese-American Citizens League (JACL) is formed. This group was formed during an anti-Japanese movement to insist as an American citizen. I quoted the following articles from the homepage of this group.








    • “No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Those accused of a crime shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation.

      These protections are guaranteed in the 5th and 6th Amendments to the nstitution of the United States of America. However, during 1942-46, some 77,000 American citizens of Japanese ancestry and 43,000 Japanese nationals, most of whom were permanent U.S. residents, were summarily deprived of liberty and property ithout criminal charges and without trial of any kind. Several persons were also violently deprived of life. All persons of Japanese ancestry on the West Coast were expelled from their homes and confined in inland detention camps. The sole basis for these actions was ancestry; citizenship, age, loyalty, and innocence of wrongdoing did not matter. Japanese Americans were the only group singled out for mass ceration. German and Italian nationals, and American citizens of German and Italian ancestries were not imprisoned en masse even though the U.S. was at war with Germany and Italy.

      This episode was one of the worst blows to constitutional liberties that the merican people have ever sustained. Many Americans find it difficult to understand how such a massive injustice could have occurred in our democratic nation. This guide will attempt to explain how and why it happened, and what can be done to ameliorate the effects of that mistake. In a 1945 article in the Yale Law Journal, Professor Eugene V. Rostow wrote: “Until the wrong is acknowledged and made right we shall have failed to meet the responsibility of a democratic society—the obligation of equal justice.””









    • Their Contribution


      The Japanese-American suffered from prejudice and discrimination after the war. The life was hard, too, but made an effort to become a good American citizen. They spent in particular the money that they earned for education of children of oneself. The trust for Japan which a Japanese-American built in American society helped it in the case of an advance to the American market of the Japanese company of the high economic period of growth.















Reference


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